Journal: Biomolecules & Therapeutics

Article Title: α-Pinene Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in C57BL/6 Mice

doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.132

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of APN on METH-decreased TH and D2R in striatum of C57BL/6 mice. Expression of TH (A) and D2R (B) in METH-treated mice was compared with saline- or APN-treated mice. The relative intensity of TH/Actin and D2R/Actin was represented in the right panel. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. Significantly different between groups: ** p <0.01 saline-treated control mice vs METH-treated mice, # p <0.05 and ## p <0.01 METH-treated mice vs APN-treated mice (n=5).

Article Snippet: Anti-D2R antibody was supplied by Biorbyt LLC. (Wobum, MA, USA) and Bioss Antibodies Inc. (Woburn, MA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Expressing, Saline, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Activation of Dopamine D1-D2 Receptor Complex Attenuates Cocaine Reward and Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking through Inhibition of DARPP-32, ERK, and ΔFosB

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00924

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of D1-D2 heteromer stimulation and inactivation on basal conditioned place preference. (A) Vehicle-conditioned rats did not exhibit a preference toward a particular chamber. D1-D2 heteromer stimulation by SKF 83959 (1.5 mg/kg, s.c.) induced conditioned place aversion (CPA) as the animals spent significantly less time in the drug paired chamber. (B) SKF 83959-induced CPA was abolished by pre-treatment by the D1-D2 heteromer selective disrupting peptide, TAT-D1, but not the control TAT-Sc peptide. (C) Inactivation of D1-D2 heteromer by TAT-D1 resulted in conditioned place preference (CPP) as the rats spent significantly more time in the drug paired chamber, not observed with the control TAT-Sc. (D) Representative western blots (inset) and histogram showing the amount of D1R co-immunoprecipitated with D2R from the NAc of rats treated with saline or SKF 83959. Pretreatment with TAT-D1 led to decreased co-immunoprecipitated receptors. An aliquot of each sample was used as a control for WB (input control). (E,F) The CPA induced by D1-D2 heteromer stimulation was abolished by Cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine pre-treatment (200 nmol, i.c.v, E ) or intra-accumbal injection (30 nmol, F ). (G) Representative western blot and histogram showing the density of Thr75-DARPP-32 phosphorylation (pT75) relative to GAPDH (as loading control). Data represent means ± SEM of n = 8–10 rats/group. ( * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01: compared to saline).

Article Snippet: Protein homogenates (300 μg /each condition) from rat NAc were incubated with an anti-D2R antibody (Rabbit, Alomone) at 4°C overnight under gentle rotation.

Techniques: Conditioned Place Preference, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation, Injection

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Activation of Dopamine D1-D2 Receptor Complex Attenuates Cocaine Reward and Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking through Inhibition of DARPP-32, ERK, and ΔFosB

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activation of Thr75-DARRP-32 by D1-D2 heteromer in rat NAc. (A,B) Rats ( n = 8/group) were injected with saline or SKF 83959 (1.5 mg/kg, s.c.), sacrificed 15, 45, or 90 min later, and phospho-Thr34-DARPP-32 (pT34) or phospho-Thr75-DARPP-32 (pT75) analyzed by western blot with GAPDH as loading control. (A) Representative blots of pT34 and pT75. (B) Quantification of blots from all animals represented as % mean ± SEM of control (saline values), ( ** p < 0.05). (C–F) Rats were injected with saline or SKF 83959 (1.5 mg/kg), sacrificed 15 min later, and immunohistochemistry performed using anti-pT34 or anti-pT75 assessed in the three types of MSNs: D1R-only (red arrow), Enk-only (D2R, green arrow) or D1R and ENK (D1-D2 heteromer)-expressing neurons (yellow arrow). (C) Representative confocal images of pT75-DARPP-32. (D) Quantification of pT75-DARPP-32 fluorescence in MSNs ( n = numbers of neurons from at least N = 3 rats/condition). (E) Representative confocal images of pT34-DARPP-32. (F) Quantification of pT34 fluorescence in MSNs. Data represents means ± SEM after removal of non-specific background. ( ** p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: Protein homogenates (300 μg /each condition) from rat NAc were incubated with an anti-D2R antibody (Rabbit, Alomone) at 4°C overnight under gentle rotation.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Injection, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Fluorescence

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Activation of Dopamine D1-D2 Receptor Complex Attenuates Cocaine Reward and Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking through Inhibition of DARPP-32, ERK, and ΔFosB

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Signaling pathways involved in D1-D2 heteromer modulation of cocaine-induced behaviors: DARPP-32, ERK and ΔFosB. (A) Representative immunoblots of pT34-DARPP-32 (top panel) or pT75-DARPP-32 (lower panel) obtained from NAc of rats conditioned with saline or cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and injected on the test day with saline or SKF 83959. Loading controls (GAPDH) are shown. Quantification of pT34- and pT75-DARPP-32 immunoblots is shown. (B) Representative immunoblot of pERK44/42 obtained from the NAc of rats conditioned as in (A) is shown. Quantification of pERK44/42 immunoblots obtained from all animals is shown. Results in (A,B) represent the mean ± SEM from 8 to 9 rats/condition. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 represent significant differences from control. (C) Representative confocal images of pERK assessed in the three types of MSNs: D1R-only (red arrow), Enk-only (D2R, green arrow) or D1R and ENK (D1-D2 heteromer)-expressing neurons (yellow arrow) in MSNs from NAc of saline- or SKF 83959-treated rats. (D) Quantification of pERK fluorescence in MSNs in the NAc. Results are the mean ± SEM of data after removing the non-specific background ( n = number of MSNs from N = at least 3 rats/condition). ( ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0001). (E) Representative immunohistochemistry images and their quantification obtained using an antibody against ΔFosB and a secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa-488. Nuclei are stained by DAPI. Rats were treated for 7 days with cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) without or with co-injection of SKF 83959 (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Disrupting the heteromer by repeated injections of TAT-D1 had the same effect as repeated injections of cocaine. Results are means ± SD obtained by the analysis of n = 1,500–1,700 neurons from the NAc of N = 3 rats/condition.

Article Snippet: Protein homogenates (300 μg /each condition) from rat NAc were incubated with an anti-D2R antibody (Rabbit, Alomone) at 4°C overnight under gentle rotation.

Techniques: Western Blot, Injection, Expressing, Fluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Activation of Dopamine D1-D2 Receptor Complex Attenuates Cocaine Reward and Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking through Inhibition of DARPP-32, ERK, and ΔFosB

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evidence for the existence of dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer in rat NAc. (A) Proximity ligation assay (PLA) was used to visualize and detect D1R and D2R close proximity. (A1) A scheme depicts the PLA probes used in the present study. (A2–A4) Representative images of PLA signals (red dots) in neurons (nuclei stained by DAPI) in rat caudate putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens core (NAc-core) and shell (NAc-shell) subregions. (A5) Graph representing the percent of neurons with a positive PLA signal. (A6) Representative image of PLA signals in neurons (nuclei stained by DAPI) in rat NAc-core using the second set of antibodies. (B) Representative images of immunohistochemistry using D1R antibody (D1R-Ab) or D2R antibody (D2R-Ab) directly conjugated to Alexa-488 or Alexa-568, respectively, in the NAc-shell. Direct confocal FRET analysis was performed, reflected by FRET efficiency (FRET E) and the distance between the dipoles, less than 10 nm (100 Å). (C) A representative close-up of a single MSN cell body from NAc showing D1R-D2R colocalization (left), D1-D2 heteromer FRET efficiency (center) and relative distance between receptors (right). (D,E) Histograms showing FRET E ratios (D) and distance (E) obtained from MSN cell bodies from NAc ( n = 24). Bars are 10 μm.

Article Snippet: Protein homogenates (300 μg /each condition) from rat NAc were incubated with an anti-D2R antibody (Rabbit, Alomone) at 4°C overnight under gentle rotation.

Techniques: Proximity Ligation Assay, Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Article Title: Pharmacologic targeting of the dopamine D2 receptor impacts the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma

doi: 10.1136/jitc-2025-014080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Graphical abstract. Figure created in BioRender. BRC, bromocriptine; D2R, D2 receptor; HAL, haloperidol; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; IL, interleukin; MCP, metoclopramide; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; PRL, prolactin.

Article Snippet: Samples were loaded in 10% precast polyacrylamide gels (Bio-Rad, cat. #4561036), run at 100 V in Tris/Glycine/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) buffer (Bio-Rad 1610732), transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Bio-Rad, cat. #1704272), blocked for 1 hour with 5% dry milk in tris buffered saline-Tween (TBS-T), and probed for PRL (R&D, cat. #AF1445), D2R (Proteintech, cat. #55084-1-AP), and β-Actin-HRP (BioLegend, cat. #664803) in blocking buffer.

Techniques: Immunopeptidomics

Journal: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Article Title: Pharmacologic targeting of the dopamine D2 receptor impacts the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma

doi: 10.1136/jitc-2025-014080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tumor immune microenvironment in prolactin-locus ICI non-responder and responder models. ( A ) Experimental scheme. B16F0-bearing (CC51xB6)F1 and B6 mice received 100 µg αCTLA-4 and 200 µg αPD-1 on days 3, 6, and 10 after tumor inoculation. On day 13 after tumor inoculation, tumors were enriched for CD45+ TILs then processed for scRNA-seq. ( B ) UMAP and ( C ) composition analysis showing the breakdown of B6U, B6T, CC51U, CC51T annotated cell types overlaying the UMAP ( B ) and proportions of each cell type cluster. For each experimental condition, cell proportions (Y axis) were calculated by dividing the number of cells of a given type by the total number of cells. B6U, B6 untreated; B6T, B6 ICI-treated; CC51U, (CC51xB6)F1 untreated; CC51T, (CC51xB6)F1 ICI-treated. Cell types annotated manually using canonical markers. ( D ) Expression levels of M1 and M2 markers in the MΦ cluster. ( E ) Volcano plot highlighting DEGs in the CD20− CD8+ T cluster between B6T and CC51T. Significant DEG (padj≤0.05, |log2FC | ≥ 1) were determined using FindMarkers and are colored (red=upregulated in B6T; purple=upregulated in CC51T). ( F ) Expression levels of Prlr, Drd2, Htr3a and Htr4 in all clusters. αCTLA-4, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; αPD-1, anti-programmed cell death protein-1; B, B cells; B16, B16 F0 cells; CD4+ T, CD4+ T cells; CD20- CD8+ T, CD8+ T cells; CD20+ CD8+ T, CD20+ CD8 T cells; cDC1, conventional dendritic cells, type I; DEGs, differentially expressed genes; Drd2, dopamine D2 receptor; Htr3a, serotonin 5HT3 receptor; Htr4, 5HT4 receptors; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; MΦ, macrophages; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; Mono, monocytes; NK T, natural killer T cells; Prlr, prolactin receptor; scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA sequencing; TILs, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes.

Article Snippet: Samples were loaded in 10% precast polyacrylamide gels (Bio-Rad, cat. #4561036), run at 100 V in Tris/Glycine/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) buffer (Bio-Rad 1610732), transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Bio-Rad, cat. #1704272), blocked for 1 hour with 5% dry milk in tris buffered saline-Tween (TBS-T), and probed for PRL (R&D, cat. #AF1445), D2R (Proteintech, cat. #55084-1-AP), and β-Actin-HRP (BioLegend, cat. #664803) in blocking buffer.

Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Single Cell, RNA Sequencing

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling allows selective therapeutic targeting of neoplastic progenitors in AML patients

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Leukemic progenitor assays replicate patterns of patient response to DRD2 antagonist TDZ (A) Leukemic blast counts were monitored before and after treatment with TDZ as a monotherapy in 11 relapsed or refractory AML patients (NCT02096289). Percentage change in blasts in the peripheral blood on day 5 versus day 1 is reported after treatment with TDZ. Percentage change in BM blast content is reported for trial patient 2T and 9T in the absence of circulating blast values. Partial response and progressive disease patterns are indicated as “response” and “no response” and are illustrated as gray versus black silhouettes, respectively. (B) Candidate trial patient samples from either response group were interrogated for progenitor content at baseline (day 1) and after clinical exposure to TDZ (day 5) using limiting dilution analysis (LDA). Leukemic progenitor frequency was estimated by LDA analysis and normalized to day 1. Baseline progenitor frequency of 1 in 75,000 cells was considered the progenitor frequency for trial patient 3T at day 1 since an absolute frequency was not achieved with the analysis of 75,000 cells for this patient. Dashed lines represent 95% confidence interval. Raw colony counts are shown in Figure S1 D. (C) Trial patient samples obtained at baseline were exposed to TDZ (“+TDZ”) versus DMSO control (“−TDZ”) for 24 h, followed by analysis of progenitor cell function in CFU assays. Data are normalized to DMSO control. Before normalization, the average DMSO control values were 79 and 2 colonies for trial patients 1T and 8T (non-responders) and 61, 28, 56, 2, 11, 28, and 14 colonies for trial patients 2T, 4T, 6T, 7T, 9T, 10T, and 11T, respectively (responders). Patients 3T and 5T were not included in this analysis due to a lack of detectable progenitor function. (D) Correlation between percentage change in leukemic blast levels versus percentage change in progenitor capacity (demonstrated in C). Patients 3T and 5T were not included in this analysis due to a lack of detectable progenitor function. (E) Schematic illustrating in vivo AML xenografts were treated with TDZ (22.5 mg/kg “+”) or 30% captisol (vehicle control “−”) in vivo , followed by analysis of leukemic chimerism levels (F), gene expression analysis (G), and progenitor CFU assays (H). (F) Leukemic chimerism levels (hCD45 + CD33 + ) after in vivo treatment with TDZ relative to vehicle control (“−“). Symbols represent individual recipient mice. ∗p = 0.05 (2-way factorial ANOVA). There was no significant interaction effect between patient sample and treatment group. (G) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) plot of a gene set representing cellular pathways associated with AML (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes [KEGG]; ), applied to transcription profiles from TDZ-treated versus vehicle control-treated AML xenografts derived from AMLs 1, 3, and 4. (H) Human AML grafts were recovered from mouse BM and evaluated in progenitor CFU assays. Symbols represent individual CFU wells, plated using cells recovered from a minimum of 2 individual mice per condition. Colony-forming capacity for AML 4 was not detectable with up to 150,000 human cells assayed. ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001 (2-way factorial ANOVA). There was no significant interaction effect between patient sample and treatment group. Data are summarized as means ± SEMs. See also and and .

Article Snippet: Mouse anti-human DRD2 , Santa Cruz , Cat#sc-5303; RRID: AB_668816.

Techniques: Control, Cell Function Assay, In Vivo, Gene Expression, Derivative Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling allows selective therapeutic targeting of neoplastic progenitors in AML patients

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100202

Figure Lengend Snippet: DRD2 expression profiles reliably predict functional response to DRD antagonism (A) DRD2 expression patterns within leukemic CD34 + cells. Dotted line represents FMO control (left). Comparison of DRD2 protein levels in CD34 + cells of AML patient versus healthy donor samples (right). Healthy donor samples consist of cord blood (n = 3), adult mobilized peripheral blood (n = 3), and adult non-mobilized peripheral blood (n = 5). Blue versus red shading indicates the threshold of normal versus aberrant DRD2 levels. ∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001 (Mann-Whitney U test). (B) DRD2 protein expression within CD34 + subset of low versus intermediate-/high-risk AML patients based on ELN criteria. Dots represent individual AML patients. ∗∗p = 0.006 (Mann-Whitney U test). (C) Mononuclear cells (MNCs) isolated from healthy donors and AML patients were treated with TDZ or DMSO (vehicle control, “−”) for 24 h and evaluated in progenitor CFU assays. Distinct shapes or colors indicate individual samples. n = 3–10 CFU wells per condition, ∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001 (unpaired t test). Source data can be found in . (D) Proliferative capacity of leukemic versus healthy progenitor units was compared after in vitro exposure to TDZ for 24 h. Cell number output per colony was evaluated by custom scripts as a measure of proliferation. (E) Representative FACS plots demonstrate gating strategy to purify DRD2 + vs DRD2 − human AML cells (left) and human leukemic chimerism in mice transplanted with 1 million DRD2 + or DRD2 − human AML cells. (F) Western blot of DRD2, activated CREB (p-CREB at Ser-133), and histone H3 (loading control) in DRD2 + versus DRD2 − sorted fractions illustrated in (E). (G) Representative whole-well CFU images after treatment with dopamine (DA) at physiological levels (10 nM) versus DMSO control (-DA). (H) Progenitor cell activity was quantified in n = 6 distinct AML patients after treatment with physiological levels of DA (10–100 nM) relative to DMSO control. n = 2–3 CFU wells per AML sample. ∗p = 0.03 (unpaired t test). (I) Circulating DA levels in healthy individuals (n = 8 healthy adult peripheral blood (PB) and 11 cord blood (CB) samples, as hollow circles and squares, respectively) versus n = 11 AML patients (black circles). ∗p = 0.04 (unpaired t test). Data are summarized as means ± SEMs relative to vehicle control. See also Figure S3 and .

Article Snippet: Mouse anti-human DRD2 , Santa Cruz , Cat#sc-5303; RRID: AB_668816.

Techniques: Expressing, Functional Assay, Control, Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY, Isolation, In Vitro, Western Blot, Activity Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling allows selective therapeutic targeting of neoplastic progenitors in AML patients

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100202

Figure Lengend Snippet: cAMP elevation is associated with leukemic progenitor suppression (A) Trial patients (NCT02096289) were exposed to TDZ in vitro , followed by analysis of cAMP level changes. Trial patients with abundant cell numbers available were prioritized for this analysis, including patients 1T and 3T from non-responders, and patients 7T, 10T, and 11T for responders. n = 3–6 technical replicates per condition. ∗p ≤ 0.05 (unpaired t test). (B) cAMP levels in response to DRD1 agonist (SKF 38393) relative to DMSO control. n ≥ 4 replicates across OCI-AML3 and NB4 cell lines. ∗∗p = 0.008 (Mann-Whitney U test). Progenitor response was evaluated after treatment with DRD1 agonist (SKF 38393) relative to DMSO control. n = 2–3 CFU replicates per AML sample (n = 5 AML samples total). (C) cAMP levels in response to anti-DRD1 antibody alone or in combination with DRD1 antagonist (SCH 23390) in AML cell lines OCI-AML3 and NB4. n = 2–4 replicates per condition. (D) Western blot of activated CREB (p-CREB at Ser-133) after exposure to anti-DRD1 antibody in OCI-AML3 cell line (top). Western blot of activated CREB (p-CREB at Ser-133) exposure to TDZ in OCI-AML3 and NB4 cell lines (bottom). (E) MNCs isolated from healthy donors and AML patients were treated with anti-DRD1 antibody or immunoglobulin G (IgG) control (“−“) for 30 min, and evaluated in progenitor CFU assays. Distinct shapes or colors indicate individual samples. n =3–7 CFU wells per condition, ∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001 (unpaired t test). (F) Cytospin preparations of AML cells from patient 2 after exposure to TDZ or vehicle control (DMSO). Yellow arrowheads indicate evidence of hematopoietic maturation (increased cell size, reduced nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, increased cytoplasmic vacuolization). (G) FACS plot showing expression of granulocytic cell marker (CD15) after in vitro exposure to TDZ or DMSO control (“-TDZ“) in representative DRD2 lo and DRD2 + AML samples. CD15 frequencies were quantified for AMLs 1, 6, and 7 (n = 2 technical replicates per AML sample in each condition). ∗∗p = 0.002 (Mann-Whitney U test). (H) AML patient cells were treated with TDZ or DMSO for 24 h and evaluated in progenitor CFU assays, followed by analysis of re-plating capacity. ∗∗p = 0.004 (unpaired t test). (I) cAMP levels in response to TDZ relative to DMSO control. DRD2 + AML includes AML 1, 6, OCI-AML3, and NB4. DRD2 − AML and healthy controls include AML 12 and 3 CB samples, respectively. n ≥ 3 replicates per condition. ∗∗∗p = 0.007 (unpaired t test). (J) cAMP levels in response to forskolin (FSK) relative to DMSO control. n = 6 replicates per condition, across 1 AML cell line and n = 2 healthy donor cells. ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001 (unpaired t test). Data are summarized as means ± SEMs. See also Figure S4 .

Article Snippet: Mouse anti-human DRD2 , Santa Cruz , Cat#sc-5303; RRID: AB_668816.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Western Blot, Isolation, Expressing, Marker

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling allows selective therapeutic targeting of neoplastic progenitors in AML patients

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100202

Figure Lengend Snippet: TDZ + displays superior potency and reduced toxicity relative to TDZ (A) Chiral separation of TDZ using supercritical fluid chromatography. Chromatograms show the first and second peaks, indicating the (−) enantiomer “TDZ − ” and (+) enantiomer “TDZ + ,” respectively. Purified enantiomers were evaluated for effects on cAMP levels (B), and in progenitor CFU assays (C and D). (B) cAMP levels were evaluated after in vitro treatment with TDZ and its two enantiomers in AML cell lines (NB4 and OCI-AML3) and primary patient cells (AMLs 2, 9, and 27). Symbols represent individual CFU wells. ∗p ≤ 0.05 and ∗∗p ≤ 0.01 (unpaired t test). (C) AML patient cells were exposed to TDZ and its 2 enantiomers for 24 h in a dose-response assay in vitro , and subsequently evaluated in progenitor CFU assays. Bar graphs summarize half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) in progenitor CFU assays performed with AML patient cells. ∗∗p ≤ 0.01 and ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001 (paired t test). (D) Comparison of TDZ and TDZ + IC 50 for individual AML patients in CFU assays (represented in C). ∗∗p = 0.004 (paired t test). (E) A 30-min monitoring of QTc level changes after intravenous injection of TDZ and TDZ + in a guinea pig assay (n = 5 animals per cohort). QTc increases over 5% were considered indicators of safety risks. No group averages were statistically different from baseline values (repeated-measures ANOVAs). (F) DRD2 transcript (Gene: 1813) was analyzed from TGCA (tumor and normal tissue) and GTEx (normal tissue) RNA-sequencing projects. Data points represent normalized gene expression levels (fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads [FPKM]) for DRD2 from individual cancer patients or healthy donors. ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001 (Mann-Whitney U test), ∗∗p = 0.01 (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Data are summarized as means ± SEMs. See also Figure S5 .

Article Snippet: Mouse anti-human DRD2 , Santa Cruz , Cat#sc-5303; RRID: AB_668816.

Techniques: Supercritical Fluid Chromatography, Purification, In Vitro, Concentration Assay, Comparison, Injection, RNA Sequencing, Gene Expression, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling allows selective therapeutic targeting of neoplastic progenitors in AML patients

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100202

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Mouse anti-human DRD2 , Santa Cruz , Cat#sc-5303; RRID: AB_668816.

Techniques: Recombinant, Binding Assay, Purification, Microarray, Software, Imaging

Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine

Article Title: Immunohistochemical Comparison of Dopamine-2 Receptor Expression in Resistant and Non-Resistant Prolactinomas

doi: 10.3390/jcm14207344

Figure Lengend Snippet: D2R and Erα receptor IHC of ( a ) D2R staining neurons positive in normal spinal cord (200X); ( b ) 28-year-old male (non-resistant) with tumor cells positive for D2R (400X); ( c ) 34-year-old male (resistant) with tumor cells negative for D2R (400X); ( d ) 31-year-old female (non-resistant) with tumor cells positive for ER (400X); and ( e , f ) 11-year-old pre-pubertal girl with a resistant tumor whose tumor cells were positive for D2R and negative for Erα (( e ) 400X, ( f ) 400X)). Scale bar, 50 μm.

Article Snippet: D2R , Novus Bio , NLS1403 , Rabbit; polyclonal , 1:1000 , AB_523304.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Journal of insect physiology

Article Title: Neurochemical regulation of Aedes aegypti salivary gland function.

doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104193

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Immunolocalization of DA receptor in the isolated A. aegypti salivary gland with rat D1- receptor polyclonal antibody. (A) overview of sali vary glands at low magnification with the labels for salivary duct (SD), lateral lobes (LL), proximal lateral lobes (PLL), distal lateral lobes (DLL), median lobe (ML). Square insert in panel A is a representative image (n = 5) of gland treated with secondary anti body only (negative control). Hashtags correspond to the location of the magnified image for the median lobe (B), dorsal lateral lobe (C), proximal lateral lobe (D). Positive staining (green) of the salivary gland with the human D1 antibody was observed in different patterns for all lobes. DAPI counterstaining (blue) was used to localize nuclei. Scale bars are specific for each panel and images are representative of 5 individual replicates. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: After washing, the glands were incubated with rat anti-D1 or anti-D2 dopamine receptor polyclonal antibody at a dilution factor of 1:50 (Alamone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel) for 24 h at 4◦.

Techniques: Isolation, Negative Control, Staining

Journal: Journal of insect physiology

Article Title: Neurochemical regulation of Aedes aegypti salivary gland function.

doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104193

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Immunolocalization of DA receptor in the isolated A. aegypti salivary gland with rat D2- receptor polyclonal antibody. (A) overview of sali vary glands at low magnification with the labels for salivary duct (SD), lateral lobes (LL), proximal lateral lobes (PLL), distal lateral lobes (DLL), median lobe (ML). Hashtags correspond to the location of the magnified image for the median lobe (B), dorsal lateral lobe (C), proximal lateral lobe (D). Positive staining (green) of the salivary gland with the human D2 antibody was observed in different patterns for all lobes. DAPI counterstaining (blue) was used to localize nuclei. Scale bars are specific for each panel and images are representative of 5 individual repli cates. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: After washing, the glands were incubated with rat anti-D1 or anti-D2 dopamine receptor polyclonal antibody at a dilution factor of 1:50 (Alamone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel) for 24 h at 4◦.

Techniques: Isolation, Staining